Unit 1
Activity 1 What are plants?
1. There are living and non-living things in the natural environment, and living things include animals and plants. 2. Most of the body of a plant can be divided into roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds.
Activity 2 How plants get sunlight and water
Activity 1 What are plants?
1. There are living and non-living things in the natural environment, and living things include animals and plants. 2. Most of the body of a plant can be divided into roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds.
Activity 2 How plants get sunlight and water
1. The leaf shape, leaf margins and veins of each plant have different characteristics, which can be used as a basis for distinguishing plants.
(1) Leaf shape: that is, the shape of the leaf. For example: oval, heart-shaped, palm-shaped, etc.
(2) Leaf margin: that is, the edge of the leaf. For example: smooth, jagged.
(3) Leaf veins: that is, the veins on the leaf surface, which can be divided into reticulated veins and parallel veins.
(4) Leaf order: that is, the arrangement of leaves on stems or branches, which can be divided into alternate (only 1 leaf grows on the same node), opposite (2 leaves grow on the same node), whorel (more than 3 leaves grow on the same node) and other forms.
●The growth position of the leaves on the stem or branch is called a "node".
2. The stems of plants can be divided into woody stems (thicker, harder, and can stand upright), herbaceous stems (thinner, softer, and can stand upright) and vine stems (thinner, softer, and cannot stand upright), which can support the plant's body and obtain sunlight.
3. The roots of plants can be divided into axial roots (there is a relatively thick taproot and some thin roots) and fibrous roots (there is no thicker taproot, only thin and small roots that look like beards).
4. The water needed for plant growth is absorbed by the roots. The roots grip the soil, immobilize plants, and allow them to grow upwards for sunlight.
(1) Leaf shape: that is, the shape of the leaf. For example: oval, heart-shaped, palm-shaped, etc.
(2) Leaf margin: that is, the edge of the leaf. For example: smooth, jagged.
(3) Leaf veins: that is, the veins on the leaf surface, which can be divided into reticulated veins and parallel veins.
(4) Leaf order: that is, the arrangement of leaves on stems or branches, which can be divided into alternate (only 1 leaf grows on the same node), opposite (2 leaves grow on the same node), whorel (more than 3 leaves grow on the same node) and other forms.
●The growth position of the leaves on the stem or branch is called a "node".
2. The stems of plants can be divided into woody stems (thicker, harder, and can stand upright), herbaceous stems (thinner, softer, and can stand upright) and vine stems (thinner, softer, and cannot stand upright), which can support the plant's body and obtain sunlight.
3. The roots of plants can be divided into axial roots (there is a relatively thick taproot and some thin roots) and fibrous roots (there is no thicker taproot, only thin and small roots that look like beards).
4. The water needed for plant growth is absorbed by the roots. The roots grip the soil, immobilize plants, and allow them to grow upwards for sunlight.
Activity 3 What are the functions of the three flowers, fruits and seeds?
1. The basic structure of flowers includes calyx, petals, stamens, pistils and other parts. Some flowers have brightly colored petals, special smells, sweet nectar, etc., which can attract animals to feed and spread pollen for plants to reproduce.
2. After the plant blooms, it bears fruit, and the fruit contains seeds.
3. The seeds of various plants have different characteristics such as appearance, size, color and quantity.
4. Plants have many uses in everyday life:
4-1. As food: The fruits and seeds of rice, the fruits of oranges, the leaves of Chinese cabbage, etc., are often used by humans as food.
4-2. Make clothes: Cotton can be made into clothes, quilts, etc.
4-3. Made into furniture: The stems of camphor trees are often used to make wooden houses or furniture.
4-4. Make bridges or trails: Some woody plants or bamboo stems can be used as bridges, trails or plank roads.
4-5. Provide animal habitat: Animals nest and roost in trees.
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中文：
單元一活動一 植物是什麼
1.自然環境中有生物和非生物，生物包含動物和植物。
2.植物的身體大部分可分成根、莖、葉、花、果實和種子等構造。
活動二 植物如何獲取陽光和水
1.每一種植物葉子的葉形、葉緣和葉脈等，都有不同的特徵，可以作為分辨植物的依據。
(1)葉形：即葉子的形狀。例如：橢圓形、心形、掌形等。
(2)葉緣：即葉子的邊緣。例如:平滑、鋸齒。
(3)葉脈：即葉面上的脈紋，可分成網狀脈和平行脈等.
(4)葉序：即葉在莖或枝條上的排列方式，可分為互生(同一個節上只長出1片葉子)、對生(同一個節上長出2片葉子)、輪生(同一個節上長出3片以上的葉子)等形態。
●葉子在莖或枝條上的生長位置叫作「節」。
2.植物的莖可以分成木本莖(較粗、較堅硬、可直立)、草本莖(較細、較柔軟、可直立)和藤本莖(較細、較柔軟、無法直立)，能支撐植物的身體，獲取陽光。
3.植物的根可以分為軸根(有一條比較粗的主根，和一些細細的根)和鬚根(沒有比較粗的主根，只有細細小小的，長得像鬍鬚的根)，軸根比鬚根挖比較深的土。
4.植物生長所需的水，由根部吸收。根部能抓住土壤、固定植物，讓植物向上生長以獲取陽光。
活動三花、果實和種子有什麼功能
1.花的基本構造有花萼、花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊等部位。有些花有顏色鮮豔的花瓣、特殊的氣味、甜甜的花蜜等，可以吸引動物前來採食，傳播花粉讓植物繁衍後代。
2.植物開花之後會結果實，果實裡面有種子。
3.各種植物的種子，外形、大小、顏色和數量等特徵都不相同。
4.植物在日常生活中有很多用途：
4-1.作為食物:水稻的果實和種子、柳橙的果實、小白菜的葉等，常被人類用來作為食物。
4-2.製作衣服:棉花可以製成衣服、棉被等。
4-3.做成家具:樟樹的莖常被用來做成木屋或家具等。
4-4.做成橋梁或步道:有些木本植物或竹子的莖等，可以用來做橋梁、步道或棧道等用途。
4-5.提供動物棲息環境:動物在樹上築巢棲息。
